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贵州安顺市白水河流域为典型的喀斯特山地河谷地貌,数百年前布依族先民即开始在此营建居所并发展至今。植根于传统稻耕民族的生产生活方式及社会文化传统,与当地喀斯特山地河谷独特的自然地理环境紧密结合,河谷布依族聚落形成“山—水—林—田—村”的基本空间格局,蕴含着丰富的生态文明智慧。本文从河谷地带垂直特性上解析人居环境系统的结构层次,认为由山脊至河谷底部可依次分为山林涵养带、聚落-山林过渡区、村落聚居带、村落-稻田过渡区、河谷稻作带。文章分析了每个层次的特点、功能及相互之间关系。在前述基础上,文章分析并建构了该河谷区域人居环境生态系统垂直循环的过程模型。最后文章讨论了该系统面临的现状问题,提出延续喀斯特山地河谷地区人与自然的和谐关系的建议。
Baishuihe Basin, Anshun City, Guizhou Province is a typical Karst mountain valley landform. Before the Hundreds of Years ago, the ancestors of Buyi people began to build their own dwelling houses and have developed so far. It is rooted in the traditional lifestyle of production and social and cultural traditions of paddy farming people and is closely integrated with the unique natural and geographical environment of the Karst mountain valley. The settlements of Bouyei ethnic groups in the valley form the basic space of “mountain - water - forest - field - village” Pattern, contains a wealth of wisdom of ecological civilization. This paper analyzes the structural level of human settlement system from the vertical characteristics of the valley. It is concluded that the ridge from the ridge to the bottom of the valley can be divided into forest and forest belt, settlement-forest transition zone, village settlement zone, village-paddy transition zone, . The article analyzes the characteristics, functions and relationships of each level. Based on the foregoing, the article analyzes and constructs the process model of the vertical circulation of human settlements ecosystem in the valley. The final article discusses the status quo of the system, and proposes the suggestion of extending the harmonious relationship between man and nature in the Karst mountain valley.