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目的掌握唐山市工业企业职业病危害因素状况,为制定有效的职业病防治策略提供依据。方法对唐山市辖区内的14个县(市)区及所有可能存在职业病危害因素的企业进行调查,按照地区分布、生产规模分布、经济类型分布、行业分布和职业病危害因素种类分布进行描述性分析。结果唐山市有职业病危害企业5 027家,占企业总数的50.9%。接触职业病危害工人200 610人,占生产工人总数的42.3%;男女接害工人性别比为5.99∶1。职业病危害企业中93.8%是小型企业,但大型企业接害工人达94 788人,大型企业男接害工人构成比高,占91.1%;小型企业女接害工人构成比高,占19.4%,其性别构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病危害企业中内资企业占98.6%,内资企业接害工人比例较高(43.0%)。男接害工人主要分布在黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业和煤炭开采和洗选业,女接害工人主要分布在黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业和非金属矿物制品业,非金属矿采选业和黑色金属矿采选业男接害工人构成比高,占98.2%、97.3%;塑料制品业女接害工人构成比高,占42.8%,各行业间性别构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。粉尘男接害工人构成比高,占88.4%;其他危害因素女接害工人构成比高,占48.9%。结论该市职业病危害企业和接害工人数量大,小型企业比例高,危害企业集中在内资高污染行业,主要职业病危害因素为粉尘和物理因素,可根据分布特征采取针对性的防控措施,加强对重点地区和人群的监测工作,对女接害工人的防护不容忽视。
Objective To understand the status of occupational hazards in industrial enterprises in Tangshan and provide the basis for effective prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. Methods A total of 14 counties (cities) in Tangshan area and all the enterprises that may have occupational hazards were surveyed, and the descriptive analysis was carried out according to the regional distribution, production scale distribution, economic type distribution, industrial distribution and the distribution of occupational hazards . Results There were 5,027 occupational hazards in Tangshan City, accounting for 50.9% of the total number of enterprises. 200 610 people were exposed to occupational hazards, accounting for 42.3% of the total number of workers in production; the sex ratio of male to female workers was 5.99: 1. 93.8% of occupational hazards are small enterprises, but 94 788 workers are taken care of by large enterprises; 91.1% are male workers in large enterprises, while 19.4% are small ones, accounting for 19.4% of the total; There were significant differences in sex composition (P <0.01). Domestic-funded enterprises accounted for 98.6% of occupational disease-endangered enterprises and domestic-funded enterprises received a higher proportion of workers (43.0%). Male workers were mainly exposed to the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry and coal mining and washing industry, female workers were mainly located in the black metal smelting and rolling processing and non-metallic mineral products industry, non-metallic mining industry and mining The proportion of male workers receiving black metal mining industry was 98.2% and 97.3%, respectively. The percentage of female workers in plastic products industry was 42.8%, and there was significant difference between the sexes (P <0.01) ). Dust male take up a higher proportion of workers, accounting for 88.4%; other harmful factors female take up workers constitute a high ratio, accounting for 48.9%. Conclusion The number of occupational hazards and the number of workers exposed to the disease in this city is high, the proportion of small enterprises is high, and the enterprises that are endangered are concentrated in high-pollution industries with domestic investment. The main occupational hazards are dust and physical factors, and targeted prevention and control measures can be adopted according to distribution characteristics to strengthen The monitoring of key areas and groups and the protection of women against female workers can not be ignored.