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煤肺病是世界煤炭工业最严重的职业病。通常煤肺病的成因取决于工作环境中可吸尘浓度及工人吸尘时间。一项最近的研究表明,煤尘的毒性由煤的化学成份決定。化学成分的差异是导致美国东部煤田煤肺病的发病率高于美国西部煤田的主要原因。在阿巴拉契亚(东部)煤成份中,生物可用铁(bio-available iron,BAI)和石英成分是导致煤肺病的两大直接因素。美国西部煤所含碳酸钙有效地阻止了煤中的铁向生物可用铁的转化过程,从而减少了西部煤田煤肺发病率,此发现能合理地解释阿巴拉契亚与西部煤田煤肺发病率的巨大区域差别。根据该发现,我们提议除继续使用传统的降尘技术外,应把减少及消除煤尘的毒性作为开发防治煤肺病技术的新方向。为了遏制并扭转阿巴拉契亚煤田近期煤肺发病率回升的趋势,作者提出了将碳酸钙引入含生物可用铁的煤或煤尘的区域性非传统防煤尘新技术并对其进行了可行性讨论。
Coal-lung disease is the most serious occupational disease in the world’s coal industry. The cause of coal-lung disease usually depends on the concentration of workable dust in the workplace and on the worker’s vacuuming time. A recent study shows that the toxicity of coal dust is determined by the chemical composition of coal. The difference in chemical composition is the main reason for the higher incidence of pneumoconiosis in the eastern United States than in the western United States. Among the Appalachian (eastern) coal, bio-available iron (BAI) and quartz are the two most direct contributors to coal-lung disease. The calcium carbonate contained in western United States coal effectively prevented the conversion of iron to bioavailable iron in the coal and thus reduced the incidence of coal-lung in western coalfields. This finding can reasonably explain the incidence of coal-fat pneumoconiosis in Appalachia and Western China Huge regional differences in rates. Based on this finding, we propose to reduce and eliminate the toxicity of coal dust as a new direction for the development of technologies for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis, in addition to the continued use of traditional dust reduction technologies. In an effort to halt and reverse the recent rise in the incidence of coal-in-coal in the Appalachian coal field, the authors proposed and introduced new non-traditional regional techniques for the introduction of calcium carbonate into coal or coal dust containing bioavailable iron Feasibility discussion.