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苏联国土辽阔,客货运量很大,铁路运输和内燃机车的发展同我国有许多相近之处。苏联全国国土面积2240万km~2,人口2.58亿。在沙俄时代的1834年开始兴建铁路。目前铁路营业里程为14.6万km,其中电气化里程约4.79万km。现有32个铁路管理局,职工约370万人,其中运营人员约210万。1984年,苏联铁路里程约占全世界铁路总里程的11％,货运量约占全世界的52％,客运量约占全世界的25％。1980～1984年苏联铁路的主要指标列于表1。下面介绍一下目前苏联铁路的几个方面的主要参数和指标。
The Soviet Union has a vast territory with a large passenger and cargo traffic. The development of rail transport and diesel locomotives has many similarities with our own. The Soviet Union has a land area of 22.4 million km2 and a population of 258 million. The railway was started in 1834 in the era of Czarist Russia. At present, the railway mileage is 146,000 km, of which the electrification mileage is 47,700 km. The existing 32 Railway Administration, about 3.7 million workers, of whom about 2.1 million operational staff. In 1984, the Soviet Union’s railway mileage accounted for about 11% of the total mileage of the world’s railways, with cargo traffic accounting for about 52% of the world’s total and passenger traffic accounting for about 25% of the world’s total. The main indicators of the Soviet railway from 1980 to 1984 are shown in Table 1. Here are some of the main parameters and indicators of the current Soviet railway.