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目的掌握湖南省HFRS疫源地范围、类型、人群分布和流行规律以及宿主动物种类、带病毒率等情况,为防制HFRS提供科学依据。方法按照2005年《湖南HFRS监测实施方案》,在全省系统开展HFRS的流行病学和病原学监测。采用IFA和ELISA检测健康人群隐性感染状况,采用间接免疫荧光法检查鼠肺HV-Ag,用双抗原夹心ELISA方法检测鼠血HV-Ab,并用单克隆抗体进行病毒分型,调查5个监测点媒介动物自然感染汉坦病毒情况。结果2005年共报告病例546例,发病率0.84/10万。共捕获478只啮齿动物,总密度为3.4%,室外密度3.31%,室内密度3.59%。黑线姬鼠是野外的优势宿主(占38.29%),褐家鼠是室内的优势宿主(占46.91%),黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠占捕获总数的46.86%。抗原和抗体阳性鼠为39只,总感染率为8.16%。褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠的带毒指数分别为3.17%、2.80%。5个监测点间捕获率和带毒率差异有统计学意义。黑线姬鼠主要携带Ⅰ型HV,褐家鼠主要携带Ⅱ型HV。对17只阳性鼠肺病毒分型,Ⅰ型占41.18%,Ⅱ型占58.82%。结论湖南省为姬鼠型和家鼠型混合型HFRS疫区,人群隐性感染较高,防制工作应以灭鼠和人群免疫相结合的综合防制措施,加强实验室诊断,提高临床诊断水平。
Objective To understand the range, type, population distribution and prevalence of HFRS in Hunan Province as well as host animal species and virus carrying rate and provide a scientific basis for the prevention of HFRS. Methods According to the “Hunan HFRS Monitoring Implementation Plan” in 2005, epidemiological and etiological monitoring of HFRS were conducted in the whole province. IFA and ELISA were used to detect the latent infection status in healthy population. Indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to examine HV-Ag in rat lungs. HV-Ab was detected by double antigen sandwich ELISA and monoclonal antibody was used to genotype the virus. Five surveillances Point-vector animals naturally infected with Hantavirus. Results A total of 546 cases were reported in 2005, with an incidence of 0.84 / 100 000. A total of 478 rodents were captured with a total density of 3.4%, an outdoor density of 3.31% and an indoor density of 3.59%. Apodemus agrarius is the predominant host in the wild (38.29%), Rattus norvegicus is the predominant host (46.91%) indoors, Apodemus agrarius and Rattus norvegicus accounted for 46.86% of the total captured. 39 antigens and antibody-positive mice, the total infection rate was 8.16%. The poisoning index of Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius were 3.17% and 2.80% respectively. There were significant differences in capture rate and virulence between the five monitoring sites. Apodemus agrarius mainly carry type I HV, Rattus norvegicus mainly carry type II HV. Of 17 positive murine pulmonary virus typing, type Ⅰ accounted for 41.18%, type Ⅱ accounted for 58.82%. Conclusions Hunan Province is an agaist-type and domestic-mouse mixed type HFRS epidemic area, with a relatively high prevalence of latent infection in the population. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent and control the combination of deratting and crowd immunity, to strengthen laboratory diagnosis and improve clinical diagnosis Level.