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Reduction of modulator energy consumption to 10 fJ∕bit is essential for the sustainable development of communication systems.Lumped modulators might be a viable solution if instructed by a complete theory system.Here,we present a complete analytical electro-optic response theory,energy consumption analysis,and eye diagrams on absolute scales for lumped modulators.Consequently the speed limitation is understood and alleviated by single-drive configuration,and comprehensive knowledge into the energy dependence on structural parameters significantly reduces energy consumption.The results show that silicon modulation energy as low as 80.8 and 21.5 fJ∕bit can be achieved at 28 Gbd under 50 and 10 Ω impedance drivers,respectively.A 50 Gbd modulation is also shown to be possible.The analytical models can be extended to lumped modulators on other material platforms and offer a promising solution to the current challenges of modulation energy reduction.
Reduction of modulator energy consumption to 10 fJ / bit is essential for the sustainable development of communication systems. Lumped modulators might be a viable solution if instructed by a complete theory system. Here, we present a complete analytical electro-optic response theory, energy consumption analysis, and eye diagrams on absolute scales for lumped modulators. Conferred the speed limitation is understood and alleviated by single-drive configuration, and comprehensive knowledge into the energy dependence on structural parameters significantly reduces energy consumption. The results show that silicon modulation energy as low As 80.8 and 21.5 fJ / bit can be achieved at 28 Gbd under 50 and 10 Ω impedance drivers, respectively. A 50 Gbd modulation is also shown as be a possible. The analytical models can be extended to lumped modulators on other material platforms and offer a promising solution to the current challenges of modulation energy reduction