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[目的]比较包膜缓/控肥氮释放特性,为改善白洋淀及周边地区农业耕作施肥习惯和减轻白洋淀污染状况提供理论依据。[方法]采用“土柱淋溶法”室内模拟试验,研究了5种肥料在白洋淀地区土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮释放淋溶情况。[结果]树脂包衣和硫包衣尿素在试验前期淋溶液中铵态氮含量较普通尿素分别减少了98.5%和98.7%,在试验中期分别减少了96.5%和97.4%,在试验后期分别减少了38.7%和76.7%;而硝态氮含量在试验前期较普通尿素分别减少了59.1%和81.7%,在试验中期分别增加了414.7%和40.7%,在试验后期分别增加了1702.8%和642.3%。[结论]树脂包衣和硫包衣尿素明显减少了易挥发的铵态氮含量,有效控制了作物易吸收利用的硝态氮在前期的释放,并增加了在中后期易吸收氮的供应。
[Objective] The aim of the study was to compare the release characteristics of slow / controlled manure release and provide theoretical basis for improving agricultural practices and reducing pollution in Baiyang Lake and surrounding areas. [Method] With “soil column leaching method” indoor simulation experiment, the release and leaching of ammonium and nitrate of five kinds of fertilizers in the soil of Baiyangdian were studied. [Result] The content of ammonium nitrogen in resin-coated and sulfur-coated urea decreased 98.5% and 98.7% respectively compared with ordinary urea in pre-test leaching solution, decreased by 96.5% and 97.4% respectively in the middle of the experiment and decreased in later period 38.7% and 76.7% respectively. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen decreased by 59.1% and 81.7% respectively in the early period of experiment and increased by 414.7% and 40.7% in the middle of the experiment and increased by 1702.8% and 642.3% . [Conclusion] Resin coating and sulfur-coated urea significantly reduced the volatile ammonium nitrogen content, effectively controlled the release of nitrate nitrogen that is easily absorbed by crops and increased the supply of readily-absorbed nitrogen in the middle and late stages.