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通过分析黄土高原水环境背景特征，认为黄土高原雨水环境差；人工林草地土壤水分长期处在亏缺状态，高产农田、林草、坡地生产力受水分环境制约严重；径流水可利用程度低。生态环境的改善必须借助于水土保持的生物、工程等措施， 首先改善水环境。水土保持措施对在水环境的影响表现为：在地块尺度上，可以汇集雨水、增加入渗、满足作物、植物生长的水分需求平衡。但高耗水的林草地、水分亏缺严重， 在植被建造中还应因地制宜。水土保持措施在流域尺度上表现为增加流域贮水、蒸发， 但使流域径流有所减小。
By analyzing the background characteristics of the water environment in the Loess Plateau, the rainwater environment in the Loess Plateau is considered to be poor. The soil moisture of the plantation grassland is in a deficit state for a long period of time. The productivity of high yield farmland, grassland and slope is severely restricted by the water environment, and the runoff water availability is low. To improve the ecological environment, we must first improve the water environment by means of biological and engineering measures such as water and soil conservation. The impact of water and soil conservation measures on the water environment is manifested in the following aspects: on the mass scale, rainwater can be collected to increase infiltration and meet the water demand balance of crops and plants. However, water-rich forest and grassland, water deficit serious, in the vegetation should also be built according to local conditions. Soil and water conservation measures are shown on the catchment scale to increase water storage and evaporation in the river basin, but reduce runoff in the river basin.