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microRNA(miRNA)是一种长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA。microRNA通过与靶mRNA的3′端非编码区的种子序列互补配对而在转录后水平上对基因的表达进行调控,microRNA参与生物体内许多复杂的生理过程,如细胞分化、凋亡、个体发育等,并与人类多种疾病如病毒感染、糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症等密切相关。随着越来越多的microRNA被发现,其在生物体物质代谢方面的调节作用也逐渐被认识。文章将介绍近年来关于microRNA的研究进展及其在胆固醇代谢中的作用及应用前景。
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a non-coding small RNA of about 22 nucleotides in length. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by complementary pairing with the 3 ’untranslated region of the target mRNA. MicroRNAs are involved in many complex physiological processes in the organism, such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, individual development, etc. , And is closely related to various human diseases such as virus infection, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. As more and more microRNAs are found, their regulatory roles in the metabolism of living organisms are gradually recognized. The article will introduce the recent research progress on microRNA and its role in cholesterol metabolism and its application prospects.