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目的纵向评估湖北省公安县血吸虫病防治效果,为制定湖沼型血吸虫病流行区防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,收集2000-2013年湖北省公安县血吸虫病疫情资料,分析不同防治阶段人群、家畜和钉螺血吸虫感染率变化。结果 2000-2013年公安县血吸虫病疫情总体呈下降趋势,人群感染率从2000年12.62%下降到2013年0.69%,其中第一阶段下降幅度为24.09%,第二阶段下降幅度为64.37%,第三阶段下降幅度为73.05%;第一阶段发生8例急性血吸虫感染病例,第二阶段发生15例急性血吸虫感染病例,第三阶段无急性血吸虫感染病例发生。耕牛血吸虫感染率从2000年6.50%下降到2013年0.30%,其中第一阶段上升了74.15%,第二阶段下降了75.04%,第三阶段下降了87.56%,至2013年底已淘汰了全部耕牛。第一阶段钉螺感染率、感染螺面积和活螺平均密度分别上升了18.06%、46.03%和7.63%,第二阶段分别下降了66.84%、97.78%和378.9%;第三阶段钉螺感染率和感染螺面积均下降了100%;而活螺平均密度出现2.67%的上升。2000-2011年均查到感染性钉螺,2012和2013年未查到感染性钉螺;但钉螺感染率、感染性钉螺面积均逐年下降,分别从2000年的0.072%和267.80 hm2下降到2011年的0.022%和6.37 hm2。结论公安县实施以传染源控制为主的综合治理策略后,人畜血吸虫感染率显著降低;但应进一步强化防治措施,防止疫情反弹。
Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Gong’an County, Hubei Province, longitudinally to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to collect the data of schistosomiasis prevalence in Gong’an County, Hubei Province during 2000-2013. The prevalence of schistosomiasis infection among population, livestock and snails was analyzed at different stages of control. Results The overall epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Gong’an County showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2013. The infection rate of the population decreased from 12.62% in 2000 to 0.69% in 2013, of which the first stage was 24.09% and the second stage was decreased by 64.37% Three stages of decline of 73.05%; the first phase occurred in 8 cases of acute schistosomiasis, the second phase of 15 cases of acute schistosomiasis, the third phase of cases of acute schistosomiasis. Cattle schistosome infection rate dropped from 6.50% in 2000 to 0.30% in 2013, of which the first phase increased by 74.15%, the second phase decreased by 75.04% and the third phase decreased by 87.56%. By the end of 2013, all the tillage had been eliminated Cattle. The infection rates of snails, the average area of infected snails and the average density of live snails in the first stage increased by 18.06%, 46.03% and 7.63% respectively, and decreased by 66.84%, 97.78% and 378.9% in the second stage respectively. In the third stage, the infection rate and infection The area of snails decreased by 100%, while the mean density of live snails increased by 2.67%. Infectious snails were detected in 2000-2011, and infectious snails were not detected in 2012 and 2013. However, the infection rates of snails and infectious snails decreased year by year from 0.072% and 267.80 hm2 in 2000 to 0.022% and 6.37 hm2. Conclusions The infection rate of schistosomiasis in human beings and animals decreased significantly after implementation of the comprehensive control strategy based on infection source control in Public Security County. However, prevention and control measures should be further strengthened to prevent the epidemic from rebounding.