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植物对病原物的反应有抗病和感病两大类。从寄主-病原物相互作用角度,抗病反应又叫非亲和性反应,这一系统以寄主抗病和病原物无毒性为特征,寄主植物对病原物有抑制、排斥或减毒作用,病害不发生或受到限制;感病反应又叫亲和性反应,其特征是寄主感病和病原物毒性,结果严重发病。与脊椎动物不同,植物尚未进化到以一种基本机制就能有效地抗衡多种病菌的程度,而是以多种结构和生化防卫机制与一种病原物抗衡才勉强奏效。从40年代Flor研究亚麻锈病开始,已经认识到植物的抗病性是由寄主植物遗传型和病原物遗传型决定的,从而逐渐形成遗传学的一个新
The response of plants to pathogens has two major categories of disease resistance and susceptibility. From the host-pathogen interaction point of view, the anti-disease response is also called non-affinity reaction. This system is characterized by host resistance and pathogenic non-toxicity. The host plant inhibits, excludes or attenuates pathogens, Does not occur or is limited; susceptibility reaction is also called affinity reaction, which is characterized by host susceptibility and pathogenic toxicity, the results of a serious disease. Unlike vertebrates, plants have not evolved to the point where they can effectively counterbalance multiple pathogens with one basic mechanism, but work only marginally against a pathogen with multiple structural and biochemical defense mechanisms. From the beginning of the Florian study on flax rust in the 1940s, it has been recognized that the disease resistance of plants is determined by the host plant genetic and pathogenic genetic forms, and thus gradually forms a new genetic