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在今天中国经济理论界,一些人无视马克思经济学对市场机制的研究,主观地认为马克思经济学由于缺乏对市场机制的考察,因而缺乏对社会主义市场经济问题的解释力。其实,马克思在《资本论》中对市场机制有深刻的阐述,两重含义的社会必要劳动时间的命题就是这方面的典型代表之一。20世纪中国经济学界虽然对此进行过一些讨论,却未形成共识。为了深入理解《资本论》对市场机制的研究,仍有必要就这一问题进行一些新的探讨。《资本论》中讨论的社会必要劳动时间衡量商品价值量的机制就是市场机制,两重含义的社会必要劳动时间的分析是马克思的辩证逻辑使然。全面理解社会必要劳动时间衡量商品价值量的规律是理解马克思《资本论》中有关经济运行机制分析的前提和基础。
In today’s Chinese economic theory circles, some people disregard the Marxist economics’s research on the market mechanism and subjectively think that Marxist economics lacks the explanatory power of the socialist market economy because of its lack of examination of the market mechanism. In fact, Marx profoundly elaborated on the market mechanism in Capital, and the dual meaning of the socially necessary proposition of working time is one of the typical representatives in this respect. Although the Chinese economists in the 20th century conducted some discussions on this issue, no consensus was reached. In order to understand deeply the research on market mechanism of Capital, it is still necessary to make some new discussions on this issue. The mechanism of socially necessary labor time to measure the value of commodities as discussed in “Capitalism” is the market mechanism. The analysis of the socially necessary labor time in two meanings is the dialectical logic of Marx. A comprehensive understanding of the law that the socially necessary working time measures the value of commodities is the prerequisite and basis for understanding the mechanism of economic operation in Marx’s “Capitalism.”