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155在美国建国之前,三权分立只是一种理论。华盛顿、汉密尔顿、麦迪逊和杰斐逊等这些美国建国先驱,决心把理论变为现实。156 1788年7月,《联邦宪法》正式生效,独立的联邦司法体制得以合法确立。157美国独立后,革命期间的人民主权思想在人们心中扎了根。在这种思想指导下,各州仍然像殖民地时期那样青睐、信任议会,把它视作人民意志和权利的唯一代表,而对行政和司法机构表现出难以遏制的疑虑。
155 Prior to the founding of the United States, the separation of powers was only a theory. Washington, Hamilton, Madison and Jefferson, these pioneers of the founding of the United States, determined to make the theory a reality. 156 In July 1788, the Federal Constitution entered into force and an independent federal judiciary was duly established. After the independence of the United States, the idea of popular sovereignty during the revolution took root in people’s hearts. Under the guidance of these ideologies, the states still favor the colonial period, trusting the parliament, viewing it as the only representative of the will and the right of the people, and showing doubts about the administration and the judiciary.