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目的通过广州市白云区流行病学血清学研究,了解非麻疹疫苗免疫目标人群麻疹血清流行病学状况,为制定麻疹控制策略提供依据。方法选取新生儿、2～、4～、6～、8月龄未患过麻疹的常住婴儿及母亲配对作为研究对象,同时,在麻疹疫点应急接种时,采集15～35岁健康受种者免前及免后一个月血清。所有血清标本采用定量酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹抗体活性量(U/ml),≥200为阳性。结果新生儿麻疹抗体阳性率为100%,新生儿麻疹抗体活性量值是其母亲的1.66倍,婴儿麻疹抗体活性量水平的高低与母亲抗体活性量水平呈正相关(r=0.728,P=0.0032)。从2个月后婴儿母传抗体抗体活性量水平逐渐降低,6个月后抗体下降显著,至8月龄时,婴儿母传麻疹抗体几乎消失。128名健康成年人免前麻疹抗体阳性率为83.33%,麻疹抗体活性量值为2066.71±162.47,接种麻疹疫苗后,不同年龄段男女麻疹抗体水平显著高于接种前(P<0.001)。结论白云区近年来非麻疹疫苗免疫目标人群麻疹发病持续上升,与这类人群麻疹抗体水平低有关。对成人进行麻疹疫苗接种,能取得良好免疫效果,尤其重视对育龄妇女接种麻疹疫苗,是降低这类人群麻疹发病率的主要措施。为减少8月龄前儿童发病数,应急免疫时可考虑将起始月龄提前到6月龄。
Objective To understand the epidemiological status of measles in non-measles vaccine target population by epidemiological serological study in Baiyun District, Guangzhou City, and to provide basis for making measles control strategy. Methods Neonatal, 2 ~ 4, 6 ~, 8-month-old non-measles-bearing infants and mothers were paired as research subjects. At the same time, during emergency vaccination of measles epidemics, healthy recipients aged 15-35 years Pre and post-month free serum. All serum samples were detected by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measles antibody activity (U / ml), ≥ 200 was positive. Results The positive rate of measles antibody in neonates was 100%. The measles antibody activity in neonates was 1.66 times that of their mothers. The level of measles antibody activity in infants was positively correlated with the level of maternal antibody (r = 0.728, P = 0.0032) . From 2 months later, the level of antibody activity of mother antibody decreased gradually, and the antibody decreased significantly after 6 months. By the age of 8 months, the mother measles antibody disappeared almost completely. The positive rate of measles antibody was 128.33% in 128 healthy adults and the measles antibody activity was 2066.71 ± 162.47. The measles antibody levels of different age groups were significantly higher than those before vaccination (P <0.001). Conclusion The incidence of measles in non-measles vaccine immunization target population in Baiyun District has been continuously rising in recent years, which is related to the low level of measles antibody in such people. Measles vaccination of adults, can achieve good immune effect, with particular emphasis on vaccination of women of childbearing age measles vaccine is to reduce the incidence of measles in such people the main measures. To reduce the number of children before the age of eight months of age, emergency immunization may consider the early start of the month to 6 months of age.