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马克思恩格斯对资本主义的生态批判是全方位的,其中包括对资本主义生产外部不经济问题的生态批判。他们用大量篇幅剖析了资本主义生产在生态环境、自然资源和工人的生存环境等方面造成的外部不经济问题的种种表现。他们认为,资本主义制度、生产方式以及资本理性的贪婪和残暴是导致资本主义生产外部不经济问题的根本原因。通过探讨资本主义生产外部不经济问题,本文拓展了马克思恩格斯关于资本主义生态批判理论研究的视阈,加深了人们对资本主义制度反生态本质的认识,批驳了“生态资本主义”提出的辩护,批判了资本理性,并使人们警惕外部不经济现象的新变种。
Marx and Engels’ ecological critique of capitalism is comprehensive, including the ecological critique of the external diseconomies of capitalist production. They used a great deal of space to analyze various manifestations of the external economic problems caused by capitalist production in the ecological environment, natural resources, and the living environment of workers. In their view, the greed and cruelty of the capitalist system, mode of production, and capitalist rationality are the root causes of the external diseconomies of capitalist production. By discussing the external diseconomies of capitalist production, this article expands the visual threshold of Marx and Engels’ research on the theory of ecological critique of capitalism, deepens the understanding of the anti-ecological essence of the capitalist system, and criticizes the “ecological capitalism” Defended, criticized capital rationality, and alerted people to new varieties of external diseconomies.