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该文以国家有关建立水土保持方案报告制度的法规为依据，从理论和实践的结合上阐述了开建设项目水土保持方案的特点和编制关键。明确指出《水土保持方案》应具备法律的强制性、以施工范围为核心的小区域性、实施单位的可操作性及对当地造成不利影响的补偿性４个特点。《水土保持方案》应包括施工区、影响区、保护区在内的防治范围。防治目标应为人为新增水土流失得到基本控制、原生地面水土流失得到有效治理、工程施工和运行得到安全防护及对当地经济发展有所促进。同时应以施工建设区、影响区人为水土流失及土地荒（沙）漠化防治为重点，并控制上游来洪、风口动力源、地表扰动和弃渣物质源。
Based on the national laws and regulations concerning the establishment of a reporting system for soil and water conservation programs, this article elaborates the characteristics and key points of establishing a soil and water conservation program for construction projects based on the combination of theory and practice. Clearly pointed out that the “Soil and Water Conservation Program” should have the mandatory four laws of the construction scope of the core area of the small, the implementation of the operability of the unit and the compensation for the adverse impact on the local 4 characteristics. “Soil and water conservation program” should include the construction area, the affected area, protected areas, including the scope of prevention and treatment. Prevention and control targets should be man-made new basic control of soil and water loss, native soil erosion have been effectively controlled, construction and operation of the safety protection and promotion of local economic development. At the same time, emphasis should be laid on prevention and control of soil erosion and desertification (desertification) in construction and construction areas and affected areas, and control of upstream flood sources, tuyere power sources, surface disturbances and waste slag sources.