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目的:分析青海海西地区儿童青少年(4~17)岁人群先天性心脏病(CHD)的现状和分布特点。方法:采用整体普查方法,对青海省海西地区67663名幼儿园、中小学(4~17)岁在校学生进行流行病学调查。结果:先天性心脏病总患病率为5.22‰,男性为3.93‰,女性为6.63‰,男女患病率有显著性差别(P<0.005)。在CHD的类型上,房间隔缺损(ASD)患病率最高,为0.21%,占CHD总数的40%,其次依次为动脉导管未闭(PDA)、室间隔缺损(VSD)及其他类型,不同病种之间患病率有显著性差别,(2=94.561,P<0.05)。不同市、县的患病率都兰县为8.65‰,天峻县为7.99‰,德令哈市为6.51‰,乌兰县为4.63‰,格尔木市为3.66‰,茫崖、冷湖、大柴旦等行政区为2.42‰,患病率有随海拔增高而增高的趋势,但无统计学差别。不同民族患病率,汉族为5.08‰,少数民族为5.46‰,其中蒙古族为7.86‰,土族为7.81‰,藏族为6.20‰,回族为4.32‰,撒拉族为1.48‰,除撒拉族患病率与蒙古族、藏族有显著性差别外(2=6.704,P=0.01,2=4.676,P=0.031),其余民族间患病率相互没有差别。结论:青海省海西地区先天性心脏病存在区域性、民族、性别差别性。
Objective: To analyze the status and distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in children and adolescents (4 ~ 17 years old) in Haixi region of Qinghai Province. Methods: The overall survey method was used to carry out epidemiological investigation on 67663 kindergarten and primary and middle school students (4-17) in Qinghai Province. Results: The total prevalence of congenital heart disease was 5.22 ‰, with 3.93 ‰ in males and 6.63 ‰ in females. There was a significant difference between males and females (P <0.005). The prevalence of atrial septal defect (ASD) was the highest in CHD type (0.21%), accounting for 40% of the total number of CHDs, followed by PDA, VSD, and other types The prevalence of disease was significantly different (2 = 94.561, P <0.05). The prevalence rates of different cities and counties were 8.65 ‰ in Dulan County, 7.99 ‰ in Tianjun County, 6.51 ‰ in Delingha City, 4.63 ‰ in Wulan County and 3.66 ‰ in Golmud City. Mangya, Lenghu, Dachaidan And other administrative divisions of 2.42 ‰, prevalence increased with the elevation of the trend, but no statistical difference. The prevalence of different ethnic groups is 5.08 ‰ in Han nationality and 5.46 ‰ in minorities, among which, 7.86 ‰ in Mongolian nationality, 7.81 ‰ in Turkish nationality, 6.20 ‰ in Tibetan nationality, 4.32 ‰ in Hui nationality and 1.48 ‰ in Salar ethnic group. Rates were significantly different from Mongolian and Tibetan (2 = 6.704, P = 0.01,2 = 4.676, P = 0.031). There was no difference between the other ethnic groups. Conclusion: There are regional, ethnic and gender differences in congenital heart disease in Haixi region of Qinghai Province.