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沿海滩涂是重要后备耕地资源,但新围垦滩涂并非农用耕地,须投入大量有机物料加以熟化改良。实施大面积滩涂土壤改良过程中,廉价有机物料的来源及其重金属含量成为新围垦滩涂土壤改良的限制因素。采用生活污泥、牛粪及中药渣3类有机物料改良新围垦滩涂土壤,对改良过程中滩涂土壤的重金属含量及黑麦草对重金属的吸收进行比较研究。结果表明,施用牛粪、中药渣对滩涂土壤全量Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb均无显著影响。施用牛粪增加了滩涂土壤有效态Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd的含量,施用中药渣使得滩涂土壤有效态Ni、Cd含量稍有上升。施用生活污泥增加了滩涂土壤全量Cu、Zn;随着污泥施用量的增加,滩涂土壤有效态Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb的含量均呈上升趋势,其中有效态Mn含量上升幅度较小,其余重金属有效态含量上升幅度均较大。施用牛粪、中药渣对黑麦草地上部和根系重金属含量均无明显影响。施用生活污泥增加了黑麦草地上部重金属(Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd和Pb)含量;随污泥施用量的增加,根系Mn、Zn、Cu、Ni含量呈先上升后下降趋势,Cd和Pb含量呈上升趋势。施用生活污泥后在滩涂土壤上种植的黑麦草植株各重金属的含量均未超标,但应用生活污泥改良滩涂土壤过程中的重金属环境安全性问题,仍值得深入研究。
Coastal tidal flats are important reserve resources for reclamation. However, the newly reclaimed tidal flats are not farmland and need to be heavily organicized to improve their maturity. The implementation of large areas of tidal flat soil improvement process, the source of cheap organic materials and their heavy metal content as a new reclamation beach soil improvement restrictions. Three kinds of organic materials, namely domestic sludge, cow dung and Chinese herb residue, were used to improve the soil of newly reclaimed tidal flats. The contents of heavy metals in tidal flat soils and the uptake of heavy metals by ryegrass were compared. The results showed that there was no significant effect on the total amount of Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb in the tidal flat after application of cow dung and Chinese herb residue. Application of cow dung increased the content of available Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd in the tidal flat, and the content of available Ni and Cd in the tidal flat increased slightly with the application of Chinese medicine residues. The application of domestic sludge increased the total amount of Cu and Zn in tidal flat soils. With the increase of sludge application amount, the content of available Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb in tidal flat increased, and the effective Mn content increased Amplitude is small, the rest of the effective content of heavy metals increased more. Application of cow dung and Chinese herb residue had no significant effect on the contents of heavy metals in the upper and root of ryegrass. The contents of heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb) in the upper part of ryegrass increased with the application of domestic sewage sludge. The content of Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni in roots increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of sludge application, Cd and Pb content is on the rise. The content of heavy metals in ryegrass planted on the tidal flat soil after application of domestic sludge did not exceed the standard. However, the application of domestic sludge to improve the environmental safety of heavy metals in tidal flat soils deserves further study.