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司马迁曾将自己的著史宗旨明确概括为“究天人之际 ,通古今之变 ,成一家之言” ,而他在贯彻这一宗旨时 ,又表现出明显的道家思想倾向。在“究天人之际”时 ,司马迁以道家的天道自然观为宗镜 ,主张顺天而动 ,同时突出人在历史活动中的主体地位 ,扬弃了以天命为中心的神秘主义思想。司马迁强调人类社会是不断变化和发展的 ,志在“通古今之变” ,而这又是对道家辩证法思想的继承和发展。本于道家的批判精神、人格独立意识和抱朴守真思想 ,秉笔直书的实录精神成为司马迁“成一家之言”的立足点和出发点。另外 ,在社会政治观、人生理想以及文章风格等方面 ,司马迁也颇得道家思想之沾溉
Sima Qian once categorized his historical purpose as “studying the connection between heaven and man, transforming ancient times and modern times into words for one family,” and in carrying out this purpose, Sima Qian showed obvious tendency of Taoism. In the “study of heaven and earth,” Sima Qian took Taoism’s natural view of nature as a mirror and advocated moving along the heaven while highlighting the dominant position of human beings in historical activities and abandoning the mysticism centered on heavenly destiny. Sima Qian stressed that human society is constantly changing and developing, aiming at “changing from ancient to modern times”, which in turn is the inheritance and development of the Taoist dialectics. In the Taoist spirit of criticism, personal independence and embrace of the simple and honest thoughts, the straightforward spirit of the recorded book has become Sima Qian’s “one into one word” standpoint and starting point. In addition, in the social and political outlook, the ideal of life and the style of the article, Sima Qian also quite Daoist ideological irrigation