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【摘要】在阅读教学中,运用KWL不仅能帮助学生设定清晰的学习目标,建立相关的背景知识,还能帮助其整理、组织和记忆信息。本文结合绘本Mrs Pig has babies阅读教学的设计与实施,探讨了如何利用KWL模式设计教学活动,从而促进学生思维品质的提升。
【关键词】阅读教学 KWL 思维品质
一、引言
《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》指出,英语课程承担着培养学生基本语言素养和发展学生思维能力的任务。可见,小学英语课堂教学不仅要提升学生的综合语言运用能力,还要培养学生的思维品质。但在目前的小学英语阅读教学中,部分教师对文本的解读还是停留在浅层的理解上,依托几个练习或者几个问题引导学生学习文本,学生一次次疲于应付教师布置的各项练习,一味地查找、捕捉浮于文字表面的信息,缺乏愉悦的阅读体验与思考,这样的阅读教学渐渐使得学生的思维能力和语言能力的发展受限,最终也导致阅读教学的意义大打折扣。
本文将介绍美国学者Donna Ogle提出的KWL模式在阅读教学中的实施过程,并结合绘本Mrs Pig has babies阅读教学的设计与实施,探讨如何运用KWL模式设计阅读教学活动,从而培养学生主动思维,提升思维品质。
二、KWL模式的基本步骤
KWL 是美国学者Donna Ogle 于1986年提出的一种指导阅读的策略。最初引入课堂时用于在阅读之前激活背景知识的理解策略,它完全是以学生为中心构建的。KWL表格是美国中小学教学里最常用的一种表格,它能有效帮助学生设定清晰的学习目标,建立相关背景知识,并能帮助其整理、组织和记忆信息。
KWL 模式中,K即Know(What I know),是读者已经具备的背景知识; W即What(What I want to know),是读者渴望通过阅读获取的新知识;L是Learned(What I have learned),是读者在阅读材料后总结自己学到的新知识。KWL表既关注学生已有的知识和经验,又关注学生将要学的知识,最后又有对自我学习过程的评价。在整个过程中,对学生思维也提出了较高的要求,从最开始的通过回忆相关知识,激活思维,到自主提问,活化思维,再到自主总结归纳,深化思维。
三、KWL模式在阅读教学中的实践与思考
笔者以绘本Mrs Pig has babies为例,介绍如何运用KWL模式落实学生思维能力的培养。
1.K环节——自主表达,培养思维的自主性
T:Boys and girls, look at the cover, what do you know about this story?
(进入故事前,引导学生看绘本封面)
S1:Mrs Pig has babies.
T: Yes, that’s the name of this picture book.
S2: Mrs Pig is pregnant.
S3: Mrs Pig is eating an apple.
T: Yes, an apple a day can keep the doctor away, especially for Mrs Pig, she’s pregnant.
S4: Mrs Pig and Mr Pig are talking about their babies now.
Mr Pig wants the black babies, Mrs Pig wants the white babies.
T: Wow, cool!
(基于學生回答,将学生已知的信息写在K栏中,见表1)
2.W环节——自主提问,培养思维的灵活性
T:You know something about the story from the cover, today we’ll read this interesting storybook.
Before you read it, do you have any questions about the story?
Can you try to ask questions?
S1: How many babies do they have?
S2: What colour are they?
S3: What are the babies’ names?
S4: How do Mrs Pig and Mr Pig feel after the babies were born?
T: These are the very good questions. And they are the main questions about the story too.
(基于学生提问,将学生想要了解的信息写在W栏中, 见表2)
3. L环节——自主阅读,培养思维的独特性
T: You can ask some good questions about this new story, that’s wonderful. With the questions on the blackboard, please read the story quickly and use 2~3 sentences to generalize the story.
S1: Mrs Pig is pregnant. One day, she feels labor pains. Mr Pig drives her to the hospital. T: Wait! Please generalize the story by 2~3 sentences, you needn’t read some sentences.
S2: Mrs Pig has white babies, black babies and spotted babies.
T: That’s good! But why does she have spotted babies? Can you say one more sentence?
S2: Mrs Pig has white babies, black babies and spotted babies, because of the gene.
T: Good! Now remember the questions here, and try to answer them by reading the story carefully. While you are reading, you can underline the key sentences directly.
Ss: Read, underline and think.
T: Look at your questions, let’s answer them.
【关键词】阅读教学 KWL 思维品质
一、引言
《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》指出,英语课程承担着培养学生基本语言素养和发展学生思维能力的任务。可见,小学英语课堂教学不仅要提升学生的综合语言运用能力,还要培养学生的思维品质。但在目前的小学英语阅读教学中,部分教师对文本的解读还是停留在浅层的理解上,依托几个练习或者几个问题引导学生学习文本,学生一次次疲于应付教师布置的各项练习,一味地查找、捕捉浮于文字表面的信息,缺乏愉悦的阅读体验与思考,这样的阅读教学渐渐使得学生的思维能力和语言能力的发展受限,最终也导致阅读教学的意义大打折扣。
本文将介绍美国学者Donna Ogle提出的KWL模式在阅读教学中的实施过程,并结合绘本Mrs Pig has babies阅读教学的设计与实施,探讨如何运用KWL模式设计阅读教学活动,从而培养学生主动思维,提升思维品质。
二、KWL模式的基本步骤
KWL 是美国学者Donna Ogle 于1986年提出的一种指导阅读的策略。最初引入课堂时用于在阅读之前激活背景知识的理解策略,它完全是以学生为中心构建的。KWL表格是美国中小学教学里最常用的一种表格,它能有效帮助学生设定清晰的学习目标,建立相关背景知识,并能帮助其整理、组织和记忆信息。
KWL 模式中,K即Know(What I know),是读者已经具备的背景知识; W即What(What I want to know),是读者渴望通过阅读获取的新知识;L是Learned(What I have learned),是读者在阅读材料后总结自己学到的新知识。KWL表既关注学生已有的知识和经验,又关注学生将要学的知识,最后又有对自我学习过程的评价。在整个过程中,对学生思维也提出了较高的要求,从最开始的通过回忆相关知识,激活思维,到自主提问,活化思维,再到自主总结归纳,深化思维。
三、KWL模式在阅读教学中的实践与思考
笔者以绘本Mrs Pig has babies为例,介绍如何运用KWL模式落实学生思维能力的培养。
1.K环节——自主表达,培养思维的自主性
T:Boys and girls, look at the cover, what do you know about this story?
(进入故事前,引导学生看绘本封面)
S1:Mrs Pig has babies.
T: Yes, that’s the name of this picture book.
S2: Mrs Pig is pregnant.
S3: Mrs Pig is eating an apple.
T: Yes, an apple a day can keep the doctor away, especially for Mrs Pig, she’s pregnant.
S4: Mrs Pig and Mr Pig are talking about their babies now.
Mr Pig wants the black babies, Mrs Pig wants the white babies.
T: Wow, cool!
(基于學生回答,将学生已知的信息写在K栏中,见表1)
2.W环节——自主提问,培养思维的灵活性
T:You know something about the story from the cover, today we’ll read this interesting storybook.
Before you read it, do you have any questions about the story?
Can you try to ask questions?
S1: How many babies do they have?
S2: What colour are they?
S3: What are the babies’ names?
S4: How do Mrs Pig and Mr Pig feel after the babies were born?
T: These are the very good questions. And they are the main questions about the story too.
(基于学生提问,将学生想要了解的信息写在W栏中, 见表2)
3. L环节——自主阅读,培养思维的独特性
T: You can ask some good questions about this new story, that’s wonderful. With the questions on the blackboard, please read the story quickly and use 2~3 sentences to generalize the story.
S1: Mrs Pig is pregnant. One day, she feels labor pains. Mr Pig drives her to the hospital. T: Wait! Please generalize the story by 2~3 sentences, you needn’t read some sentences.
S2: Mrs Pig has white babies, black babies and spotted babies.
T: That’s good! But why does she have spotted babies? Can you say one more sentence?
S2: Mrs Pig has white babies, black babies and spotted babies, because of the gene.
T: Good! Now remember the questions here, and try to answer them by reading the story carefully. While you are reading, you can underline the key sentences directly.
Ss: Read, underline and think.
T: Look at your questions, let’s answer them.