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约翰·巴勒斯是美国跨世纪的自然文学作家,他以鲜明的态度反对宗教神学的自然观。受到战争、科学和启蒙主义、经验主义等理论的影响,他从多方面批判基督教的上帝。但他认为人类必然都有宗教式的情感体验,因此建构了自然神理论来满足人类的信仰需要。“自然神”作为自然与科学合一、感性与理性合一的思考方式,对于当今西方环境美学中科学认知主义和参与美学的调和有着一定的启发意义。
John Burroughs, a cross-century natural literary writer in the United States, opposed the view of nature in religious theology in a sharp manner. Influenced by the theories of war, science, enlightenment and empiricism, he criticized the Christian God from many aspects. However, he believes that mankind must have a religious experience of emotion, and therefore constructed the theory of natural god to meet the human faith needs. Nature God, as a way of thinking about the unity of nature and science and the combination of sensibility and rationality, is of some enlightenment to the reconciliation of science cognition and participation aesthetics in Western environmental aesthetics today.