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由于航空兵在战争中的巨大作用,航母和军用机场往往成为重点打击目标,而跑道一旦遭到破坏,战斗机就无法升空作战。因此西方国家在二战后开始研制垂直/短距起降(V/STOL)飞机。英国的“鹞”(harrier)式战斗机就是在这样一种背景下产生的,该飞机是世界上第一种实用型垂直/短距起降飞机,主要用于近距空中支援和战术侦察,也可用于空战。该飞机不需要专用机场的支持,可以大幅度提高航空兵在敌方打击下的生存能力和进攻的隐蔽性。“鹞”式飞机1969年开始装备部队,有“鹞”式、舰载型“海鹞”和美国改型AV-8B型等。
Due to the tremendous role of aviation in the war, aircraft carriers and military airfields often become the key targets of attack. Once the runway has been destroyed, fighters can not launch their operations. Therefore, Western countries started to develop V / STOL aircraft after World War II. The British “harrier” fighter was born in the context of the world's first utility vertical / short takeoff and landing aircraft, mainly for short-range air support and tactical reconnaissance , Can also be used for air combat. The aircraft does not require the support of a dedicated airport, which can greatly enhance the survivability and offensive secrecy of the air force under the enemy's attack. “鹞 ” type aircraft 1969 began to equip troops, “鹞 ” type, carrier type “sea 鹞 ” and the United States modified AV-8B type and so on.