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目的:了解陕西省儿童盲和严重视力损害的原因,以确定潜在的可预防性和可治疗性因素。方法:参照世界卫生组织儿童视力障碍检查法,2004-06对陕西省某盲校33名盲童的盲及低视力情况进行调查,分析其致盲原因。结果:33名盲童中2名为严重视力损害(6.06%),31名为盲(93.94%)。最常见致盲解剖部位依次为视网膜(36.37%)、青光眼(24.24%)、晶状体(15.15%)、视神经(9.09%)、角膜(9.09%)和全眼球(6.06%)。先天和遗传因素为盲校学生致盲致残的主要原因,占90.91%;后天性占9.09%。视网膜色素变性、先天性青光眼和先天性白内障等为主要原因,占先天因素的70%。可避免性盲16例(48.48%),其中可预防者3例(9.09%),可治疗性者13例(39.39%)。结论:营养性和感染性致盲已较少见,先天和遗传性因素是目前陕西省儿童盲的主要原因。
Objectives: To understand the causes of blindness and severe visual impairment in children in Shaanxi Province to identify potential preventable and treatable factors. Methods: With reference to the World Health Organization’s Child Vision Impairment Test, 2004-06 investigated the blindness and low vision of 33 blind children in a blind school in Shaanxi Province, and analyzed the causes of blindness. Results: Two of 33 blind children had severe visual impairment (6.06%) and 31 were blind (93.94%). The most common blinding anatomic sites were retinal (36.37%), glaucoma (24.24%), lens (15.15%), optic nerve (9.09%), cornea (9.09%) and total eyeball (6.06%). Inborn and genetic factors are the main causes of blindness and blindness among blind students, accounting for 90.91%; acquired features accounted for 9.09%. Retinal pigment degeneration, congenital glaucoma and congenital cataract, etc., the main reason, accounting for 70% of congenital factors. There were 16 cases (48.48%) of which were avoidable, of which 3 were preventable (9.09%) and 13 were treatable (39.39%). Conclusions: Nutritional and infectious blinding is rare, and congenital and hereditary factors are the major causes of blindness in children in Shaanxi Province.