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目的了解中国7~17岁儿童青少年1993—2011年血压水平和血压偏高检出率变化趋势,为我国儿童青少年血压偏高防治提供基础数据。方法基于1993,2000和2011年3次中国健康和营养调查(CHNS)横断面数据,选取具有性别、年龄、身高、体重、腰围和血压完整资料的4 715名7~17岁的儿童青少年作为研究对象,采用Logistic回归模型分析儿童青少年血压偏高的影响因素。结果 1993—2011年儿童青少年SBP和DBP水平分别增长3.4和1.5 mm Hg,其中男生、7~12岁和城市儿童增长幅度较大。血压偏高、单纯收缩压偏高和单纯舒张压偏高检出率分别从1993年的10.0%,2.1%和9.3%增加到2011年的12.9%,3.0%和11.7%,分别增长2.9,0.9和2.4百分点。儿童青少年超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率分别从1993年的4.8%,1.4%和4.9%增加到2011年的10.8%,8.8%和19.7%,分别增长6.0,7.4和14.8百分点(χ~2值分别为61.4,132.7,229.7,P值均<0.05)。相对于男生,女生血压偏高的OR值为0.79(95%CI=0.66~0.95);与正常体重儿童相比,超重儿童青少年血压偏高的OR值为2.11(95%CI=1.57~2.84),肥胖OR值为3.14(95%CI=2.15~4.59);与正常腰围相比,腹型肥胖OR值为1.65(95%CI=1.22~2.22)。结论 1993—2011年中国儿童青少年血压水平、血压偏高、超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖检出率均呈增加趋势。儿童青少年血压偏高防治形势依然严峻,肥胖是儿童青少年血压偏高的重要危险因素。
Objective To understand the change trend of the blood pressure level and the high detection rate of high blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years from 1993 to 2011 and provide the basic data for prevention and treatment of high blood pressure among children and adolescents in China. Methods Based on the 3 CHNS cross-sectional data from 1993, 2000 and 2011, 4 715 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years with complete data on sex, age, height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were selected as research subjects Subjects, using Logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Results The levels of SBP and DBP in children and adolescents increased by 3.4 and 1.5 mm Hg respectively between 1993 and 2011, with boys, 7-12 years old and urban children increasing more greatly. High blood pressure, high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure alone increased from 10.0%, 2.1% and 9.3% in 1993 to 12.9%, 3.0% and 11.7% respectively in 2011, up 2.9 and 0.9% respectively And 2.4 percentage points. The detection rates of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents increased from 4.8%, 1.4% and 4.9% in 1993 to 10.8%, 8.8% and 19.7% respectively in 2011, increasing by 6.0, 7.4 and 14.8 percentage points respectively (χ ~ 2 values were 61.4,132.7,229.7, P values were <0.05). Compared with boys, the OR of female students was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.66-0.95). Compared with normal weight children, the OR of overweight children and adolescents was 2.11 (95% CI = 1.57-2.84) , OR of 3.14 (95% CI = 2.15 ~ 4.59). The OR of abdominal obesity was 1.65 (95% CI = 1.22-2.22) compared with normal waist circumference. Conclusion From 1993 to 2011, the blood pressure level, high blood pressure, overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Chinese children and adolescents showed an increasing trend. Children and adolescents with high blood pressure prevention and treatment situation is still grim, obesity is an important risk factor for high blood pressure in children and adolescents.