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企业参与污染物排放标准的制定是提高标准实效性的手段,问题在于怎样的法律设置才能保障企业参与的权利同时规制企业的参与行为。文章首先论证得出法律保障企业参与的必要性,即通过立法保障企业的参与符合国内外参与型行政理论;具有提高排放标准的制定效率、减少企业参与负面影响的现实必要性;同时有助于将标准行政主管部门与企业间的利益权衡前置,增强标准制定的针对性和可操作性。文章同时分析了实现企业有效参与对相关立法的应然要求及我国现行法律规制不同程度的缺失;企业参与阶段、征求意见的执行、排放标准制定过程的监督机制等方面存在的问题,并最终提出以完善标准化法及相关管理办法为途径,充分保障企业的参与权利、程序性规制其参与行为、明确各参与主体的法律责任、完善司法救济和配套制度等立法建议。
Enterprises to participate in the formulation of pollutant discharge standards is to improve the effectiveness of the standard means, the question is what kind of legal settings in order to protect the rights of enterprises involved in the regulation of the participation of enterprises. The article first argues that the legal guarantee of the necessity of enterprise participation, that is, through the legislation to ensure that the participation of enterprises in line with domestic and foreign participatory administrative theory; with the development of emission standards to improve efficiency and reduce the practical necessity of enterprises to participate in the negative impact; The standard administrative departments and enterprises to balance the interests of the front, to enhance the relevance and operability of standard-setting. At the same time, the article analyzes the problems existing in the effective participation of enterprises, such as the requirement of relevant legislation, the lack of different degrees of legal regulation in our country, the stage of enterprise participation, the implementation of opinions and the supervision mechanism of the emission standard setting process. Finally, To improve the standardization of laws and related management methods as a means to fully safeguard the right to participate in enterprises, procedural regulation of their participation, clear legal responsibility of the participating parties, and improve the judicial relief and supporting system and other legislative proposals.