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国外对小学数学教材的改革,早在五十年代就已开始。西方几个主要国家的小学数学教材改革的主要特点是。 1.改变传统的算术、代数、几何夯科的办法,精简传统的算术内容,把原来中学的一:些代数、几何知识下放到小学。在精简传统的算术内容方面,很多国家删去了较复杂的整数、小数、分数四则计算。例如,整数乘除法一般只学到乘、除数是三位数的;分数的分母一般不超过10,法国小学只讲到分数乘法。比例也加以简化,如美、苏、法等国只讲正比例,日本只讲正、反比例概念等。在增加的内容方面,比较普遍地引入用字母表示数、简易方程、列方程解应用题和简单的正、负数计算。
Foreign reform of primary school mathematics textbooks, as early as the fifties has already begun. The main features of the reform of elementary mathematics textbooks in several major Western countries are. 1. To change the traditional method of arithmetic, algebra and geometry tamping, to simplify the traditional arithmetic content and to move the original algebra and geometry knowledge to primary school. In simplifying the traditional mathematical content, many countries have deleted more complex integers, decimals and scores from four. For example, multiplication and division of integers are generally only learned by multiplication, where the divisor is three-digit; the denominator of scores is generally no more than 10, and French elementary schools only talk about fractional multiplication. The proportion is also simplified. For example, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France only talk about proportionality. Japan only talks about the concepts of positive and negative proportion. In terms of added content, the use of alphanumeric characters, simple equations, solution to column equation problems and simple positive and negative calculations are more commonly introduced.