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目的了解上海市农民工子女学校高年级小学生早餐行为现状,为开展学校健康促进工作提供依据。方法以班级为单位,多阶段整群抽取上海市9所农民工子女学校四~五年级小学生共2 995名,采用自编式结构问卷调查学生早餐频率、地点和食物构成。结果 65.0%的被试每天吃早餐,其中72.9%的在家里吃早餐。被试早餐食用米面制品的比例为68.9%,新鲜蔬菜为23.6%,新鲜水果为16.3%,肉、蛋、鱼类为15.0%,豆类及其制品为37.6%,牛奶和其制品为42.8%。82.4%的被试早餐中仅含有1~2类食物,14.5%含有3类食物,仅有3.1%含有全部4类食物。相比男生和四年级学生,女生、五年级学生早餐质量更差(P值均<0.01)。结论上海市农民工子女学校高年级小学生坚持每天吃早餐的比例较低,且早餐质量欠佳;应着重开展早餐行为的健康促进。
Objective To understand the status quo of the breakfast behavior of the pupils in high school of migrant workers in Shanghai and to provide basis for carrying out school health promotion. Methods A total of 2 995 primary school students from 9 migrant workers ’schools in Shanghai were enrolled in this study. The questionnaires were used to investigate the frequency, location and food composition of students’ breakfasts. Results 65.0% of the subjects eat breakfast daily, of which 72.9% of the breakfast at home. The proportion of rice products consumed by breakfast was 68.9%, fresh vegetables was 23.6%, fresh fruits were 16.3%, meat, eggs and fish were 15.0%, legumes and products were 37.6%, milk and products were 42.8% . 82.4% of the subjects had only 1 ~ 2 kinds of food in their breakfast, 14.5% had 3 kinds of food, and only 3.1% had all 4 kinds of food. Compared to boys and fourth graders, girls and fifth graders had worse breakfast quality (P <0.01). Conclusions Shanghai Pupils ’School of Pupils’ insistence on daily breakfast rate is low and their breakfast quality is not good. The health promotion of breakfast behavior should be emphasized.