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目的分析桂林市2008—2016年输入性疟疾疫情流行病学特征,为制订疟疾防控策略提供依据。方法收集2008—2016年桂林市疟疾监测资料进行统计和分析。结果桂林市2008—2016年共血检当地居民发热病人71 417人次,未检出疟原虫阳性者;共血检流动人口20 560人次,检出疟原虫阳性92例,阳性率为0.45%;病例均为输入性疟疾病例,4种疟原虫均有发现,其中以恶性疟为主,占59.78%(55/92),间日疟次之,占31.52%(29/92);病例分布于桂林市79.92%(10/13)的县(区),其中全州县病例数占病例总数的38.04%(35/92);病例以男性为主,占93.48%(86/92),主要集中于20~49岁组,占89.13%(82/92);病例主要从事工种为淘金/挖矿(90.65%);病例全年均有分布,其中4—8月份占50.87%(56/92);感染来源于非洲(占66.22%)和东南亚(占22.83%),其中非洲加纳占40.22%;2008—2016年报告恶性疟死亡病例2例,无输入性继发病例发生。结论近10年桂林市疟疾病例均为境外输入病例。加强对非洲和东南亚地区返乡人员的疟疾监测,及时发现和治疗输入性病例,是桂林市实现消除疟疾目标的保证。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Guilin from 2008 to 2016 and provide evidence for malaria prevention and control. Methods The data of malaria surveillance in Guilin from 2008 to 2016 were collected for statistical analysis. Results A total of 71 417 feverish patients were tested positive for blood plasma in Guilin from 2008 to 2016. Of the total number of blood samples detected, 20 560 were positive for flow cytometry and 92 were positive for Plasmodium, the positive rate was 0.45% All cases of imported malaria were found in four kinds of Plasmodium, which accounted for 59.78% (55/92) and Plasmodium falciparum (31.52%, 29/92) respectively. The cases were distributed in Guilin 79.92% (10/13) counties (districts) were found, of which 38.04% (35/92) were in the statewide counties. The majority of cases were male, accounting for 93.48% (86/92) of cases, mainly in the 20 to 49 years old group, accounting for 89.13% (82/92); cases mainly engaged in gold mining / mining (90.65%); cases were distributed throughout the year, of which 48.89% (48/92) in April-August; Infections originated in Africa (66.22%) and Southeast Asia (22.83%), of which Ghana accounted for 40.22%. Two cases of death from falciparum malaria were reported in 2008-2016. Conclusion The cases of malaria in Guilin in recent 10 years are all imported cases. Strengthened monitoring of malaria to returnees in Africa and South-East Asia and timely detection and treatment of imported cases are guarantees that Guilin will achieve the goal of eliminating malaria.