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小鼠胚胎干细胞包括胚胎干细胞、胚胎生殖细胞和胚胎癌细胞 3种类型 ,是唯一可以同时研究致突变物对未分化胚胎细胞和分化体细胞致突变性的细胞株 ,其对致突变物的敏感性因检测终点的不同而有所不同。在胚胎毒性检测方面 ,由于胚胎干细胞可以同时检测化学物对细胞增殖和分化的影响 ,从而大大提高了体外替代实验的预测符合率 ,有望成为化学物致畸试验的体外替代实验模型。同时 ,转基因技术的广泛应用和人源胚胎干细胞的建系将更有助于提高化学物胚胎毒性和致畸性体外预测符合率 ,但同时也存在较大的伦理学争议。
Mouse embryonic stem cells, including three types of embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and embryonic carcinoma cells, are the only cell strains that can simultaneously mutagenicize undifferentiated embryonic cells and somatic cell mutagenicity, and are sensitive to mutagens Sex varies depending on the end point of the test. In embryotoxicity detection, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can simultaneously detect the effects of chemicals on cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby greatly improving the predictive compliance of surrogate experiments in vitro. Therefore, it is expected to be an in vitro experimental model of teratogenicity of chemicals. At the same time, the wide application of transgenic technology and the establishment of human embryonic stem cells will be more helpful to improve the coincidence rate of in vitro embryo toxicity and teratogenicity, but there is also a large ethical controversy.