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目的调查重庆市儿童青少年青春发动时相与肥胖及体成分的关系,比较男女生青春期体格和体脂发育的差异。方法采用目的抽样的方法,选取重庆市九龙坡区两所九年一贯制学校的1447名7~17岁中小学生进行身高、体重、腰围和皮褶厚度的体格检查,同时进行女生乳房发育、初潮年龄和男生睾丸容积、阴毛发育的调查。结果女生乳房发育Ⅱ期平均年龄为9.78岁,初潮平均年龄12.32岁。男生睾丸发育Ⅱ期平均年龄为11.50岁,阴毛发育Ⅱ期平均年龄为12.62岁。女生青春期发动提前组超重率(18.8%)大于非提前组(7.7%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.881,P=0.005);提前组肥胖率(18.7%)高于非提前组(1.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=40.653,P<0.001),且青春发动时相提前与体重存在秩相关(r=0.324,P<0.001);男生青春发动时相提前组超重率(17.9%)高于非提前组(8.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.134,P=0.047),且青春发动时相提前与体重存在秩相关(r=0.103,P=0.030)。女生所有体成分指标均为青春发动时相提前组>适时组>延迟组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);男生青春发动时相提前组的瘦体重(46.718±1.186)>适时组(42.114±0.437)>延迟组(37.899±0.944),差异有统计学意义(F=14.870,P<0.001)。结论重庆市女生超重、肥胖及体成分与青春发动时相提前相关联,男生超重及瘦体重与青春发动时相提前相关联。
Objective To investigate the relationship between obesity and body composition of youth adolescents in Chongqing and to compare differences in physical and body fat development between adolescent boys and girls. Methods A total of 1447 primary and middle school students aged 7-17 years from two nine-year regular schools in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing were selected to carry out physical examination of height, weight, waist circumference and skinfold thickness. Age and male testicular volume, pubic hair development survey. Results The average age of stage Ⅱ breast development in girls was 9.78 years old, and the average age of menarche was 12.32 years old. The average age of male testis development Ⅱ period is 11.50 years old, hair pubic hair Ⅱ average age of 12.62 years. The rate of overweight in advance group (18.8%) was higher than that in non-advanced group (χ ~ 2 = 8.881, P = 0.005) (1.5%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 40.653, P <0.001), and there was a rank correlation between the prophase of youth onset and body weight (r = 0.324, The rate of overweight (17.9%) was higher than that of non-advanced group (8.3%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 5.134, P = 0.047) = 0.030). The indexes of body composition of all the girls in the youth group were significantly higher than those in the premature group (> 47.718 ± 1.186) in the pre-onset group (P <0.001) (42.114 ± 0.437)> delayed group (37.899 ± 0.944), the difference was statistically significant (F = 14.870, P <0.001). Conclusion The overweight, obesity and body composition of girls in Chongqing are correlated with the timing of youthful onset. The overweight and lean body mass of boys are correlated with the timing of youthful onset.