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神经干细胞是一类具有分裂潜能和自更新能力的母细胞,它可以通过对称分裂和不对称分裂方式产生神经组织的各类细胞,包括神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。中枢神经系统受到损伤后,神经元和胶质细胞的损伤导致了临床症状,内源性神经干细胞的修复作用不大,原因是干细胞的数量有限,微环境的不允许。移植的神经干细胞进入体内后,由于受到多种因素的影响,常保持未分化状态或大部分分化为胶质细胞。神经干细胞向神经元分化的调控机制及其影响因素直接决定神经干细胞源性神经元的比例和神经元之间功能性突触的数量。现就其研究进展做一综述。
Neural stem cells are a type of primordial cells with dividing potential and self-renewal ability. They can generate various types of neuron tissue cells, including neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes by symmetrical and asymmetric division. Damage to the central nervous system, neurons and glial cells lead to clinical symptoms of injury, endogenous repair of neural stem cells is not due to the limited number of stem cells, the micro-environment does not allow. Transplanted neural stem cells into the body, due to a variety of factors, often remain undifferentiated state or most of the differentiation into glial cells. The regulatory mechanism of neural stem cells differentiating into neurons and its influencing factors directly determine the proportion of neural stem cell-derived neurons and the number of functional synapses between neurons. Now on its research progress to be reviewed.