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目的探讨可能影响学龄前儿童性别角色行为改变的周围环境因素。方法以山东省青岛市某区所有幼儿园720名儿童为调查对象,采用自行设计调查问卷搜集儿童的周围环境情况,同时填写反映大脑统合感觉发育异常(SPD)的感觉统合量表和评价儿童两性行为角色分化的学龄前儿童活动调查表(PSAI)。结果有SPD症状女童的女性化得分为(41.78±6.56)分,明显高于无症状组的(40.34±6.89)分(P<0.01);儿童年龄与其异性化得分均呈负相关,男女童相关系数r分别为-0.113和-0.126(均P<0.01);女童每天看电视时间或男童每天玩电脑时间与其女性化得分呈负相关,r分别为-0.067、-0.074(均P<0.05);父母受教育程度越高,男女童的PSAI得分越高(线性趋势检验P<0.05),离交通主干道越远或对多化学物质过敏的儿童,其PSAI女性化得分越高(P<0.05)。结论儿童早期感觉统合可能与其性别角色分化有关,同时,儿童的一些行为及周围环境化学物质暴露可能影响儿童的性别角色分化。
Objective To explore the environmental factors that may affect the behavior change of gender roles in preschool children. Methods A total of 720 children from all kindergartens in a certain district of Qingdao City in Shandong Province were selected as research objects. The questionnaires were designed to collect the children’s surroundings, fill in the sensory integration scale reflecting the integrated sensory dysfunction (SPD) and evaluate the gender behavior of children Role Differentiation of Preschool Children’s Activity Inventory (PSAI). Results The feminization score of girls with SPD was (41.78 ± 6.56) points, which was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic group (40.34 ± 6.89) points (P0.01). There was a negative correlation between children’s age and their heterosexuality scores The coefficients r were -0.113 and -0.126 respectively (all P <0.01). There was a negative correlation between girls’ daily watching TV time and their daily playing time with their feminization scores (r = -0.067,0.074, P <0.05, respectively) (P <0.05). The higher the level of parental education, the higher the PSAI score of male and female children (P <0.05 by linear trend test), and the higher the PSAI feminization score was (P <0.05) in children who were farther away from the traffic trunk road or were allergic to multiple chemical substances ). Conclusion Early sensory integration in children may be related to the differentiation of sex roles. At the same time, some behaviors of children and the exposure of chemical substances in the surrounding environment may affect the sex differentiation of children.