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本文概述了从古至今植物、动物和病原体在全球范围内交流和传播的历史。它研究了动植物和病原体有意或无意地在大陆之间和沿欧亚大陆东西轴线的长距离的移动。物种交流在固定的贸易路线确立之前行进的相对缓慢,但随着汉帝国和罗马帝国发展至巅峰,世界进入了一个繁荣的贸易时代,物种交流也在这个时代中急剧加速。从那时起,物种交流的速度就一直在政治因素、贸易速率和交通科技的影响之下,时而加快,时而减缓。
This article outlines the history of the worldwide exchange and dissemination of plants, animals and pathogens from ancient times to the present. It studies the long-term movement of plants, animals and pathogens both intentionally and unintentionally across the continent and along the axis of east-west Eurasia. Species exchange proceeded relatively slowly before a fixed trade route was established, but as the Han and Roman Empires reached their peak, the world entered a prosperous trade era in which exchange of species accelerated sharply. Since then, the rate of species exchange has been accelerating, sometimes slowing, under the influence of political factors, trade rates and transport science and technology.