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公众洪灾应急避险是减少洪灾人员伤亡的重要手段。在阐述应急避险研究现状的基础上,指出亟待加强公众洪灾应急避险能力研究。基于应急管理周期理论和“感知-避险-互助”视角,首先设计了公众洪灾应急避险的概念模型,该模型包括洪灾信息层、避险智能层和避险行为层3个方面;其次构建了公众洪灾应急避险体系,指出该体系由洪灾避险规划、洪灾避险资源准备、洪灾避险预案、洪灾预警与感知、洪灾疏散与撤离、洪灾救援避险和个人避洪能力等7方面构成。构建公众洪灾应急避险模式和避险体系对于进一步完善公众洪灾应急避险机制、提高公众洪灾应急避险能力具有重要意义。
Public Flood Emergency Hazard is an important means to reduce the casualties of flood victims. On the basis of expatiating on the current situation of emergency and hedging research, it points out the urgent need to strengthen the research on the emergency and hedging ability of public floods. Based on the theories of emergency management cycle and “perception - hedging - mutual aid ”, the conceptual model of public flood emergency avoidance is designed first. The model includes three aspects: flood information layer, hedge intelligent layer and hedge activity layer. Secondly, it builds a public emergency response system, and points out that the system is composed of flood planning, flood preparedness resources preparation, flood avoidance plan, flood warning and perception, flood evacuation and evacuation, flood rescue and hedging and personal evasion capability 7 aspects. The construction of public flood emergency avoidance mode and safe-haven system is of great significance to further improve the emergency response and avoidance risk mechanism of public flood and improve the public emergency response ability.