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自19世纪中期开始,鲁西南农村地区遭受到席卷全球的现代化进程越来越大的冲击,其中特别突出的就是棉种的改良和推广。随着经济的变化,在政治和社会方面也出现了两个重要变化。一是在城市中,官、绅、商三位一体的组合更加紧密,并附属于作为新兴经济中心的沿海城市网络;在乡村,则发生了一个从“正绅”主导到土豪劣绅称霸的变化。二是城乡关系的变化。数千年来,几乎所有的中国人其根都扎在农村,而现在,城市开始从经济上控制农村、从政治上领导农村了。但由于鲁西南乡村精英的权力主要在村庄本身,因此,在城市精英的权力日益扩张的同时,乡村精英的权力仍根深蒂固。于是,城乡差别越来越大,而双方矛盾日趋尖锐。
Since the middle of the 19th century, rural areas in southwestern Shandong have been hit harder and harder by the process of modernization that has swept the world. Of particular note is the improvement and promotion of cotton seed. As the economy has changed, two important changes have taken place both in politics and in society. First, in the cities, the combination of officials, gentry and merchants is more closely integrated and attached to the network of coastal cities as an emerging economic center; in the villages, a change from domination by gentry to tyrant gentry dominated . Second, the changes in urban-rural relations. For thousands of years, almost all Chinese have their roots in the countryside, and now the cities have begun to economically control the countryside and lead the countryside politically. However, as the power of the rural elites in the southwestern region is mainly in the villages themselves, the power of the rural elites is still ingrained while the power of urban elites is expanding. As a result, the difference between urban and rural areas is getting bigger and bigger, and the conflicts between the two sides are becoming increasingly acute.