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目的了解陕西省市售食品中汞污染状况,为居民日常膳食提供一定的指导建议,并对膳食中汞的暴露量进行安全性评价。方法测定2 047份食品的汞含量,根据2002年陕西省居民膳食营养与健康状况调查数据,了解居民日常膳食的汞暴露量,以食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)制定的汞暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)为标准进行评估,同时,应用美国环保署(EPA)的暴露剂量-反应外推模型对汞的暴露量进行健康风险评价。结果陕西省市售食品汞含量为0.001 31~0.013 3 mg/kg,整体检出率为60.63%(1 241/2 047),超标率为0.93%(19/2 047);陕西省居民汞每日平均暴露量为3.51×10-5mg/kg,偏高暴露量为1.61×10-4mg/kg,均低于JECFA制定的汞的暂定每周可耐受摄入量;同时以平均暴露量和偏高暴露量进行风险评估,所得个人平均年风险值均小于国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的标准5.0×10-5a-1。结论除少数样品受污染外,陕西省市售食品中汞含量总体是安全的,居民通过日常膳食摄入汞所引起的健康风险甚微。
Objective To understand the status of mercury pollution in the foodstuffs sold in Shaanxi Province, provide some advice to residents on daily diet, and evaluate the safety of mercury exposure in the diet. Methods The mercury content of 2 047 foodstuffs was determined. According to the survey data of dietary nutrition and health status of residents in Shaanxi province in 2002, the mercury exposure of residents in daily diet was determined. According to the tentative weekly tolerable intake of mercury developed by the Committee of Experts on Food Additives (JECFA) (PTWI) as the standard. Meanwhile, the health risk assessment of mercury exposure was conducted by using the EPA’s exposure dose-response extrapolation model. Results The mercury content of commercially available foods in Shaanxi Province was 0.001 31 ~ 0.013 3 mg / kg, the overall detection rate was 60.63% (1 241/2 047) and the over standard rate was 0.93% (19/2 047). The mercury Daily average exposure was 3.51 × 10-5mg / kg, high exposure was 1.61 × 10-4mg / kg, were lower than the tentative weekly tolerable intake of mercury developed by JECFA; mean exposure and partial High risk exposure, the average annual risk of individuals obtained is less than the standard recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 5.0 × 10-5a-1. Conclusion Except for a few samples contaminated, the mercury content of commercially available foods in Shaanxi Province is generally safe, and residents’ health risks due to daily dietary intake of mercury are negligible.