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随着中国越来越深入地参与国际贸易,出口企业不得不采取措施以适应其他国家频繁变化的环境壁垒,这就要求出口企业具有更高的环境友好度。本文构建了一个简单的理论模型,将环境污染和技术选择纳入异质性企业贸易模型中,得出:相对于非出口企业,出口企业平均使用更多的清洁技术生产,排放较少的污染物。我们运用2004年工业企业微观数据,通过倾向得分匹配方法(PSM),考察了出口对企业排污强度的影响。结果表明,与非出口企业相比,出口企业的排污费要低28%左右,这也证实了理论模型中出口能改善企业环境质量的预测。将变量分所有制、分行业、分地区进行稳健性检验,结果均证明出口有助于企业改善自身排污水平。政策含义表明,政府应该完善企业环境政策,鼓励出口和非出口企业采取清洁生产制度,解决两类企业环境质量的差别;鼓励出口企业通过环境成本内在化,提升出口产品绿色价值,有效避免“绿色贸易壁垒”对出口产品的影响。
As China becomes increasingly involved in international trade, exporters will have to take measures to adapt to the frequently changing environmental barriers in other countries. This requires that exporters have a higher degree of environmental friendliness. This paper constructs a simple theoretical model that incorporates environmental pollution and technology choices into the heterogeneous enterprise trade model and concludes that, compared to non-exporting enterprises, exporters use on average more clean technology to produce and emit less pollutants . We use the micro-data of industrial enterprises in 2004 and examine the impact of exports on the emission intensity of enterprises through the propensity score matching method (PSM). The results show that compared with non-export enterprises, export enterprises to lower sewage charges by about 28%, which also confirms the theoretical model of exports can improve the environmental quality of enterprises forecast. The variable sub-ownership, sub-sectors, sub-region for robustness test, the results show that exports help businesses to improve their own sewage levels. The policy implications indicate that the government should improve corporate environmental policies and encourage export and non-exporting enterprises to adopt a cleaner production system to solve the environmental quality differences between the two types of enterprises. Encourage exporters to enhance the green value of their exports through the internalization of environmental costs and effectively prevent “ Green trade barriers ”on the impact of export products.