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意大利的国家卫生服务(SSN)始于1979年。它提供普遍的保险和全面的卫生保健,看病时免费。它用强制性派款(contri-butions)来筹措国家卫生资金,并由国家税收予以补充。地方卫生当局选择购买私人医疗服务,这种私人承包意味着竞争。政府提供的医疗服务希望能提高私人承包的医疗服务质量,并刺激政府的医疗服务。但实际中都做不到。在许多地方,政府提供的医疗服务不足,只有选择私人医院。有时控制地方卫生局的政治势力也鼓励在继续着的私人服务。私人医院每年和地方卫生局签合同。每日每张占用床位,按国家规定给予补偿。这使私人医院比公立医院的床位平均使用率高,住院时间延长,慢性病多,以维持医院资金的回收。
Italy’s National Health Service (SSN) began in 1979. It offers universal insurance and comprehensive health care, free of charge when visiting the doctor. It uses contributing funds to raise national health funds and is supplemented by national taxes. Local health authorities choose to purchase private medical services. This kind of private contracting means competition. The medical services provided by the government hope to improve the quality of private contracted medical services and stimulate government medical services. However, it cannot be done in practice. In many places, the government provides inadequate medical services. Only private hospitals are selected. Sometimes controlling the political power of local health bureaus also encourages continued private service. Private hospitals sign contracts with local health bureaus every year. Each bed is occupied daily, and compensation is provided according to national regulations. This has led to an increase in the average occupancy rate of private hospitals over public hospitals, prolonged hospital stays, and chronic diseases, in order to maintain the recovery of hospital funds.