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经济人假设自诞生以来,一直面临来自各方面的批评与挑战。“利他行为”的存在,和经济人的“自利性”假设存在矛盾,理论上被称为斯密悖论。通过对经济人假设内涵的逐一分析,发现经济人假设存在的核心问题是对人的行为目标描述不准确。人的真实行为目标不是功利利益或者快乐,而是平静。同情心支配下的利他行为,是为了自己内心获得平静,也属于自利的范畴。把人的行为目标界定为追求平静后,可得出“平静型经济人假设”这一概念,该假设包括自利性、信息不完备性和有限理性三个基本内容,可以消除传统经济人假设与现实之间出现的诸多矛盾。
Since assuming its birth, the economists have always been facing criticism and challenges from all quarters. The existence of “altruistic behavior” and the economic man’s “self-interest ” hypothesis there is a conflict, in theory, known as Smith’s paradox. By analyzing the connotation of the hypothesis of the economists one by one, we find that the core problem existing in the hypothesis of the economists is the inaccurate description of the goal of human behavior. The true goal of human behavior is not utilitarian interests or happiness, but calm. Altruistic behavior under the control of compassion is for the purpose of obtaining peace within itself and also falling within the category of self-interest. After defining the goal of human behavior as the pursuit of peace, we can get the concept of “the hypothesis of calm-type economic man”, which includes three basic elements: self-interest, incomplete information and limited rationality, which can eliminate the traditional economy Many contradictions between human hypothesis and reality.