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我国是乙型肝炎的高发区,目前大约有1.2亿乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染者,母婴传播已成为乙型肝炎传播的重要方式。我国自1991年推行新生儿乙肝疫苗(HBVac)预防接种计划以来,新生儿HBV感染率已明显降低。但同时人们注意到,有10％左右的新生儿并未受到保护,特别是产妇为乙肝e-抗原(HBeAg)阳性时,生后一年内HBV感染率很高,虽接种了乙肝疫苗,部分婴儿一年内不产生抗体,或产生低滴度的乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs),或产生了保护性滴度的抗—HBs而仍感染HBV。人们已发现新生儿感染的HBV不完全与其母亲所携带的HBV相同,出现了HBV突变。本文试对国内外近期有关母婴乙型肝炎垂直传播中HBV基因组序列分析分子水平的研究综合述评。
China is a high incidence of hepatitis B, there are currently about 120 million people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), mother-to-child transmission has become an important way of hepatitis B transmission. Since the introduction of the new vaccination program for hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac) in our country in 1991, the HBV infection rate in neonates has been significantly reduced. At the same time, however, it is noticed that about 10% of newborns have not been protected, especially when the mothers are positive for HBeAg. One year after birth, the HBV infection rate is very high. Although hepatitis B vaccine is inoculated, some infants Antibodies are not produced within one year, or low-titer hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) are produced, or anti-HBs with a protective titer are produced and remain infected with HBV. It has been found that HBV infection in newborns is not exactly the same as the HBV carried by their mothers and HBV mutations have occurred. This article attempts to review recent studies both at home and abroad about the molecular level of HBV genomic sequence analysis in the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).