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近年来美国和加拿大牧草、饲料作物育种工作发展比较迅速,根据美国《Crop Sci-ence》第25和第26卷的资料统计,美、加两国在1985、1986年两年中登记的牧草、饲料作物新品种和新种质共计81个,占整个作物新类型(包括作物、饲料及牧草)的30%。这些牧草饲料作物新品种和新种质主要集中于禾本科和豆科的数十个属中,其它科属的牧草相对较少。育种方法以常规为主,其它手段为辅。本文通过育种方法的分析及新品种、新种质的介绍,为我国育种、种质资源和引种工作者提供参考,并为生产提供一些线索。下面分别介绍一下美、加两国牧草、饲料作物的育种方法及新类型。
In recent years, forage grass and feed crop breeding in the United States and Canada have developed rapidly. According to statistics from Volumes 25 and 26 of the United States’ Crop Sci-ence, pasture registered in the United States and Canada in 1985 and 1986, A total of 81 new feed crops and new germplasm accounted for 30% of the total new crop types, including crop, feed and pasture. New breeds and new germplasm of these pasture forage crops are mainly concentrated in dozens of genera of grasses and legumes, while other families are relatively rare. Breeding methods to conventional, supplemented by other means. Through the analysis of breeding methods and the introduction of new varieties and new germplasm, this paper provides references for breeding, germplasm resources and introduction workers in our country and provides some clues for production. Here are some introduction of the United States, Canada and Canada forage, feed crop breeding methods and new types.