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学术界关于国际价值和国别价值的讨论中有不少误区。要计算某商品的国际价值,需要将超过国际水平的发达国家的国民劳动的强度和生产率与国际水平作比较,确定一个换算系数,再用这个系数乘以发达国家的生产时间,然后再与处于国际水平的国家的生产时间进行平均或加权平均。在世界市场上,两国的商品都可以按照必要劳动时间生产出来的,但只要其中一国商品的竞争乏力导致其必要劳动时间进而国际价值被高估,该国就会成为国际贸易中的剥削一方,两国的商品交换就不再是等价交换。包括中国在内的发展中国家还需要团结起来采取各种措施,如自主创新和产业升级等,并注重发展本国企业,才能对发达国家和跨国公司施加更大的竞争压力,才能维护自身的利益。
There are many misunderstandings in academic circles about the discussion of international values and country values. To calculate the international value of a commodity, it is necessary to compare the intensity and productivity of national labor in developed countries above the international level with the international level, to establish a conversion factor, multiply this factor by the production time in developed countries, International average country production time is average or weighted average. In the world market, the goods of both countries can be produced according to the necessary working time, but the country will become an exploitative in international trade as long as the competitive labor in one country leads to the necessary working time and thus the international value is overestimated On the one hand, the exchange of goods between the two countries is no longer the equivalent exchange. Developing countries, including China, also need to unite themselves to take various measures, such as independent innovation and industrial upgrading, and pay attention to the development of their own enterprises in order to exert more competitive pressure on developed countries and multinational corporations in order to safeguard their own interests .