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高中物理上册第十章练习二第(3)、(4)、(5)题,要求学生分析讨论一定质量的理想气体在等温、等容、等压过程中的吸放热情况、做功情况、内能变化情况及相互之间的关系,这是教学中的难点之一。学生感到困难的原因,一方面是考虑问题缺乏一个正确的程序,另一方面是学生从有限的生活经验出发,往往存在下面几种错误的看法: ①认为一个过程吸放热情况是由温度决定的:“温度不变”就不存在吸放热现象;温度升高则必然吸热;温度降低则必然放热。②对于是否存在做功现象,则认为等压过程就没有做功现象。由于内能这个概念比较抽象,又缺少生活中的直观模型对照比拟,因而在讨论内能变化时,便觉得很困难,无从下手。
The questions (3), (4), and (5) in the second chapter of the physics chapter of the senior high school physics book ask the students to analyze and discuss the conditions of the heat, heat and absorption of the ideal gas in the process of isothermal, equal volume and isobaric pressure in a certain quality. The changes in internal energy and the relationship between them are one of the difficulties in teaching. The reasons why students feel difficult are the lack of a correct procedure for considering the problems. On the other hand, students start from limited life experiences. There are often the following misconceptions: 1 It is considered that the heat release of a process is determined by temperature. : “The temperature is constant” there is no phenomenon of heat absorption and extinction; if the temperature rises, it will inevitably absorb heat; if the temperature decreases, it will inevitably give off heat. 2 If there is a work phenomenon, it is considered that the isobaric process has no work phenomenon. Because the concept of internal energy is comparatively abstract and lacks intuitive comparisons in life, it is very difficult and impossible to discuss changes in internal energy.