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在医学研究工作中,经常将研究对象按性质进行分类,然后清点每一类的数目多少。如将病情分为轻、中、重,每一类有多少病人;将治疗效果分为痊愈、好转、无变化、恶化、死亡,每一类有多少病人;将血型分为O、A、B、AB四型,每一型有多少人等。这种清点每一类数目多少的具体数据,叫原始绝对数。为了便于互相比较,需要计算各种相对数并作进一步统计分析。
In medical research, subjects are often categorized by nature, and then the number of each class is counted. Such as the disease is divided into light, medium and heavy, how many patients in each category; the treatment is divided into healed, improved, no change, deterioration, death, how many patients in each category; the blood type is divided into O, A, B , AB four types, how many people each type. This count the number of each type of specific data, called the original absolute number. In order to facilitate comparison with each other, various relative numbers need to be calculated and further statistical analysis performed.