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中国地区差距日渐扩大和俱乐部收敛现象的出现,显示出扩散效应和梯度转移理论的困境。本文由微观厂商投资选址问题出发,通过构建一个简单的两地区模型,获得影响资金投向的一系列变量,进而从制度层面分析为何扩散和梯度转移迟迟难以出现。本文发现,缺乏内部制约的地区间财税竞争、土地所有和征用制度下的低价供地、户籍和社保体系下的劳动力无负担流动等制度因素使得发达地区能够成功削弱落后地区在吸引投资上的相对优势,阻碍资本向落后地区的流动,因此东部沿海和中西部的地区差距存在长期固化的危险。
The widening gap between regions in China and the emergence of club convergence have shown the dilemma of the diffusion effect and the theory of gradient transfer. Based on the problem of micro-manufacturers investment location, this paper constructs a simple two-region model and obtains a series of variables that influence the capital investment. Then it analyzes why diffusion and gradient transfer are difficult to appear from the institutional level. This paper finds that institutional factors such as fiscal and tax competition between regions without internal control, low-cost land supply under the land ownership and requisition system, and no-load flow of labor force under the household registration and social security system enable the developed regions to successfully undermine the attractiveness of the backward regions in attracting investment Relative advantage, hinder the flow of capital to backward areas, so there is the danger of long-term solidification of the regional gap between the eastern coast and the central and western regions.