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ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus has been associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in recent studies of patients. At the same time, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma itself can cause glucose intolerance and can aggravate diabetes. Diabetes mellitus inducing hepatocellular carcinoma may result in changes in the following aspects: dysfunction of organism, endocrine hormone balance and interactions, endothelins and so on. One way, diabetes mellitus may induce hepatocellular carcinoma through the effects of chemotherapeutics and other adjuvant drugs. This review outlines the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma as well as treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma, which may be helpful for clinicians.