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炎热的夏季,人们感到很热,室内静坐身体也会不由自主的发汗,当进行高温作业时情况就更加严重。如歼击机飞行员作低中空大速度飞行,由于座舱温度很高,身体可排汗一公斤多,体温上升到38℃以上。寒冷的冬季,人们普遍又会有冷的感觉,如果衣服穿得单薄,保暖措施不好,身体会出现颤抖,肢体末端手指和足趾产生凉或痛的感觉,严重时引起体温下降。上述人体反应的原因何在呢?温度生理学的研究表明,人体既是一个发热体又是一个散热体,由于体内生物化学过程不断地进行,热量不断产生,同时体热通过对流、辐射、传导和蒸发的途径也不停顿地散失到环境中去,当身体与环境间进行热交换时热的获得超出了热的散失,结果体内热量蓄积,即热积。当体内散失的热量超过获得的热量,即热债。正常情况下,人体
Hot summer, people feel very hot, indoors indoor involuntary sweating, when working at high temperatures the situation is even more serious. Such as fighter pilots for low-altitude large-scale flight, the cabin temperature is high, the body can sweat more than one kilogram, body temperature rose to above 38 ℃. Cold winter, people generally have a cold feeling, if the clothes are worn thin, warm measures are not good, the body will appear trembling, extremity fingers and toes have a cold or pain feeling, causing severe body temperature drop. What is the reason for the above human reaction? The study of thermophysiology shows that the human body is both a heating element and a cooling element. Since the biochemical process in the body continues to be carried out, heat is continuously generated while the body heat passes through convection, radiation, conduction and evaporation Pathways are also not lost to the environment to go, when the heat exchange between the body and the environment than the loss of heat, resulting in the accumulation of body heat, that is, heat plot. When the heat lost in the body more than the heat gained, the hot debt. Under normal circumstances, the human body