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站在新世纪的高度回溯近百年来的中国史研究,人们会感到一个明显的事实,即人们过于将历史研究现实化,赋予它意识形态的特性,而忽视了历史本身的性质。农战史研究就是一个鲜明的例子。上世纪初叶,在辛亥革命浪潮的波及下,太平天国研究一度兴盛,二三十年代短短20年间,出版的太平天国史著作近30部之多,在中国史学史上第一次出现了高度集中的学术论题;接着到来的新民主主义革命,则将整个中国历史上的农民战争史研究提到了相当的历史高度,人们简直就将历史上的农民战争看做是现实中国革命的直接序幕;新中国成立后的中国史研究,更将农战史研究装扮成一朵耀眼的明珠,40年间发表论文4000多篇,出版著作300多部,在史学研究领域形成了趋之若骛之势;而到了80年代中期以后,随着现实生活中阶级斗争问题的鲜有提及,随着农业国向工业国的迅猛过渡,加之建立稳定社会秩序的目标日益迫切,农战史研究则遭遇了前所未有的冷漠。从学术自身发展的要求出发,围着意识形态转的现象应该得到改变。对于传统的以阶级斗争为纲的农战史研究来说,今天是到了一个需要认真回溯、总结、清理并使之终结的时代。但中国是一个传统的农业大国,几千年的农业社会一直延伸进今天的时代,农民问题、农民的历史和现状,是我们认识国情的最为重要的方面。所以,抛开以阶级斗争为纲的农战史和农民问题研究、乡村社会研究等等,仍是一个需要深入开掘的领域。所以,我们今天重提农战史研究,希望从新的历史高度对之重新审视,用新的视角、新的方法和反思的精神,清理以往的研究,开拓新的思路,以期使被极度冷落的农战史研究,再次成为历史研究的新的生长点,并绽开出比传统的“五朵金花”更为娇艳、也更富有生命活力和科学魅力的史学鲜花。本期所选用的几篇笔谈短文,表达着编者对农战史研究复苏和新生的热切期待。
Standing back at the height of the new century, dating back nearly a hundred years to the study of Chinese history, one can feel the obvious fact that people over-present the historical study and give it ideological character while ignoring the nature of history itself. The history of agricultural history is a clear example. At the beginning of the last century, under the influence of the Revolution of 1911, the study of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom once prospered. In the short span of two or three decades, nearly 30 books on the history of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were published. For the first time in history of Chinese history, highly concentrated academic The forthcoming new-democratic revolution refers to the considerable historical height in the history of the study of the peasant war in the entire Chinese history. People have simply regarded the historical peasant war as a direct prelude to the reality of the Chinese revolution. The founding of new China After the study of Chinese history, but also the study of agricultural history dressed as a dazzling pearl, 40 years published more than 4000 papers, published more than 300 books, in the history of the field of research into a rush; and to 80 Since the mid-1990s, with the few mention of the class struggle in real life, with the rapid transition of agricultural countries to industrialized countries and the increasingly urgent goal of establishing a stable social order, the study of agricultural history has encountered an unprecedented indifference. Starting from the requirement of academic self-development, the phenomenon of turning ideology around should be changed. For the study of the history of peasant war in history, which is based on the theory of class struggle, today is an era that needs to be carefully traced back, summed up, cleared up and brought to an end. However, as a traditional agricultural country, China has extended thousands of years of agricultural society into today’s era, its peasant problems and the history and status of peasants. This is the most important aspect of our understanding of the national conditions. Therefore, aside from studying the history of peasant wars and peasant issues based on class struggle, the study of rural society and so on, it is still an area that needs further digging. Therefore, we re-emphasize the study of the history of agricultural warfare today and hope to re-examine it from a new historical perspective. With a new perspective, new methods and the spirit of reflection, we should clean up the past research and explore new ways of thinking so as to make it extremely neglected. The study of the history of peasant war has once again become a new growth point of historical research, and blooms out more than traditional “five golden flowers” more delicate and tender, but also full of vitality and scientific charm of history flowers. Selected articles in this issue of pen writing essay expresses the editors’ enthusiasm for the study of agricultural history recovery and rejuvenation.