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废钢铁是钢铁工业不可少的原料。资本主义国家钢的产量远大于生铁产量,其主要原因就是在冶炼过程中大量使用废钢铁。资本主义国家设备更新周期短,所以废钢铁资源丰富。各种旧建筑的钢结构、桥梁、船舶、铁路车厢、轨道、汽车、机器、容器、家用器具以及大量机械加工后的边角余料等都是废钢的原料。这些废钢不能直接投入炼钢炉,必须经过加工处理才能成为合用的炉料。西德和日本的炼钢炉都是转炉和电炉,废钢加工后的尺寸各有其通用的规定。当然也可以根据用户要求加工成特定的规格。废钢按其来源可分为两大类:一是钢铁厂本身的废钢,如轧制废品,废钢锭模等。这些废钢大都
Steel scrap is an indispensable raw material for the steel industry. The production of steel in capitalist countries is much larger than that of pig iron, mainly because of the extensive use of scrap steel in the smelting process. In capitalist countries, equipment renewal cycles are short, so scrap iron is abundant in resources. Steel structures, bridges, ships, railroad cars, rails, automobiles, machines, containers, household appliances, and a large amount of machined corner trim are used as raw materials for scrap in all kinds of old buildings. These scrap can not be directly into the steelmaking furnace, must be processed to become a combined charge. Steelmaking furnaces in West Germany and Japan are both converters and electric furnaces. The size of scrap steel has its own general specifications. Of course, according to user requirements can be processed into specific specifications. According to their sources of scrap can be divided into two categories: First, the scrap steel itself, such as rolling scrap, scrap ingot mold. Most of these scrap