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这里向读者介绍苏联的中国史学者格奥尔基·Б·爱伦堡(ГеоргийБорисовичЭренбург)用俄文撰写的毛泽东略传。此略传刊载于1934年11月出版的介绍国外时事问题的苏联杂志《Зарубежом》(《国外》)第31期“当代人物肖像”栏(第15页),题为《毛泽东——概论》,是国外第一部毛泽东个人传记。据以往的说法,国外最早的毛泽东个人传记是1935年12月13日《真理报》刊登的哈马丹《中国人民的领袖——毛泽东》①,以及哈马丹同一时期在《共产国际》上发表的《毛泽东——中国勤劳人民的领袖》②等,但爱伦堡的此篇略传写在哈马丹之前,而且比较其内容可以看出,哈马丹的文章明显是参照爱伦堡的略传写成的。所以它虽然是仅有一页纸的短小传记,但具有重要的史料价值。从这篇略传中,还可以窥探出当时苏联(莫斯科)掌握的关于毛泽东的相关信息,以及对他的评价,所以具有重要意义。爱伦堡(1902—1967)是苏联著名的中国史学家,20年代曾经来到中国,1927年以后先后在莫斯科的中国劳动者孙逸仙大学(即莫斯科中山大学)、中国问题研究所、莫斯科东方学院、国立莫斯科大学等机构任教,并担任过俄文《中国问题》杂志的编辑。他的著作中,关于中国方面的史学论著较多。值得注意的是,他执笔这篇毛泽东略传时,正在编纂中国苏维埃运动的资料集《苏维埃中国》(《СоветскийКитай》,Москва,1934)。关于爱伦堡的生平与业绩,有潘佐夫教授写的评传③。爱伦堡所撰写的毛泽东略传,是其孙潘佐夫(首都大学〔Capital University,美国俄亥俄州〕教授)发现的。潘佐夫教授在他的著作《毛泽东传》(俄文版:А.В.Панцов,《МаоЦзэдун》,Москва,2007;英文版:A.V.Pantsov with S.I.Levine,Mao:the Real Story,New York:Simon&Schuster,2012)中曾经提到爱伦堡所撰写的这篇毛泽东略传。此次,潘佐夫教授应译者的要求,提供了宝贵的原文,并同意发表中文版。为了保持原貌,即使有与史实出入的记述,译者也没有对文章进行任何删节、改动,必要时由潘佐夫教授与译者二人加以注释。文中()为原注,〔〕为译者的补充信息。
Here is a brief introduction to readers about Mao Zedong, written in Russian, of the Soviet historian Georgy Беренбург (Георгий Борисович Эренбург). This briefing is published in the 31st issue of the “Portrait of the Contemporary People” (p. 15) of the Soviet magazine “Зарубежом” (“Overseas”), which was published in November 1934, entitled “Mao Zedong - An Introduction ”, Is the first overseas biography of Mao Zedong. According to historical accounts, the earliest personal biography of Mao Zedong abroad was the “leader of the Chinese people - Mao Zedong” in Hamadan, published in Pravda on December 13, 1935, and in the same period in Hamadan’s “Comintern” Published “Mao Zedong - the leader of China’s hard-working people,” and so on, but Ehrenburg this slightly written in front of Hamadan, and more can be seen from the content, Hamadan’s article is obviously reference Ehrenburg The slightly written into. So although it is a short biography of only one page, it has important historical value. From this slogan, it is also of great significance to glimpse out the relevant information about Mao Tse-tung held by the Soviet Union (Moscow) at that time as well as his evaluation. Ehrenburg (1902-1967) was a famous Chinese historian in the Soviet Union who had come to China in the 1920s. After 1927, he successively worked in Sun Yat-Sen University of China (Sun Yat-Sen University in Moscow), China Institute of China, Oriental Academy of Moscow , The National University of Moscow and other institutions to teach, and served as the Russian “China issue” magazine editor. Among his writings, there are many historians on China. It is noteworthy that when he wrote a brief biography of Mao Tse-tung he was in the process of compiling the dataset “Soviet China” (Советский Китай, Москва, 1934) of the Chinese Soviet movement. On the life and performance of Ehrenburg, Professor Pfanov wrote the comment ③. Mao Tse-tung, edited by Ehrenberg, was discovered by his grandson, Panovski (a professor at Capital University in Ohio, USA). In his book “The Biography of Mao Zedong” (Russian: А.В.Панцов, “МаоЦзэдун”, Moscow 2007; English: AVPantsov with SILevine, Mao: the Real Story, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012 ) Mentioned Mao Tse-tung’s biography of Ehrenburg. This time, Prof. Panzoff provided the original text at the request of the translator and agreed to publish the Chinese version. In order to maintain the original appearance, the translator did not make any omissions or changes to the article, even if there was a description of historical facts. When necessary, Professor Panzov and the translator commented on it. Text () is the original note, 〔〕 for the translator’s supplementary information.